Fentanyl continues to be one of the most dangerous and prevalent substances in the opioid epidemic. Even trace amounts of it can be easily absorbed by the body, leading to respiratory and cardiac concerns.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shares that, in 2023, 81,083 people died from fentanyl-related overdose. While fentanyl is used in some regulated medicines, mainly end-of-life pain relievers, it is also clandestinely produced and cut into street drugs like heroin, cocaine, and meth, which has led to increased overdoses.
The question remains: Is cleaning fentanyl dangerous? Cleaning a fentanyl scene is extremely dangerous, which is why Aftermath has identified several best practices to help ensure safety for cleaners and those impacted. Each scene is unique and presents its own challenges, which is why Aftermath leans on its own process and implements best practices.
Let’s dive in.
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is up to 100 times more potent than morphine and 50 times stronger than heroin. Originally developed for end-of-life pain management, its high potency makes it particularly dangerous.
It poses significant risks to users and those who may accidentally come into contact with it. The effects of fentanyl on the human body are rapid and severe. It binds to opioid receptors in the brain, leading to intense euphoria but also causing respiratory depression, unconsciousness, and in some cases death.
It’s critical to note that accidental exposure to fentanyl in a public setting is not likely to cause an overdose in a first responder. However, accidental or secondary exposure to high doses of illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) can potentially cause adverse outcomes. The potency of any IMF is unknown in a public setting, and caution should always be used to limit exposure.
Examples of such exposure include secondhand fentanyl smoke, fentanyl powder, or residue. Reports indicate no confirmed cases of community members or first responders experiencing an overdose from accidental or secondhand fentanyl exposure.
However, fentanyl can be absorbed through the skin with prolonged, direct contact over extended periods. Despite the low risk of absorption, avoiding any contact with fentanyl is crucial due to its dangerous potential.
Cleaning fentanyl-contaminated sites presents numerous specific dangers, each of which can have severe consequences for those involved. Here are the specific dangers of fentanyl cleanup:
Direct contact with fentanyl can result in absorption through the skin. This typically requires prolonged contact. However, with the use of hand sanitizers or bleach, or in cases of excess sweating, the risks are higher. Other unknown drugs can also present concerns.
Fentanyl particles can easily be transferred to the eyes, especially during cleanup activities. This can cause irritation.
Fentanyl can become airborne, especially when disturbed during cleaning. In situations where inhalation of high doses occurs, rapid absorption can produce respiratory symptoms.
Accidental ingestion can occur if enough residue contaminates anything consumed or placed in the mouth. Only a small amount of the substance can trigger a reaction. Avoid touching the mouth, eyes, or nose.
Outside of prescribed use, there is no safe level of exposure to fentanyl. In any instance with suspected presence of the opioid, it is critical to take steps to limit any exposure.
Entering a scene where there is a risk of fentanyl present requires careful management of the situation. That includes reducing the risk of any exposure to fentanyl. Using personal protective equipment (PPE) Aftermath significantly reduces the risk of exposure. This may include:
Proper usage and disposal of PPE are equally important in minimizing the risks associated with fentanyl cleanup. That is why Aftermath uses specific steps to eliminate risk:
Usage
Disposal
Due to the drug’s potency and associated risks, fentanyl cleanup requires biohazard companies, such as Aftermath, to stay continuously educated and informed. Maintaining up-to-date knowledge of safety protocols, the dangers of exposure, and the proper use of PPE is crucial. Ongoing training ensures that cleanup professionals are equipped to handle these hazards effectively and minimize the risk of accidental exposure and contamination. This commitment to continuous education helps safeguard both the cleanup teams and the wider community from the severe dangers posed by fentanyl exposure.
If you suspect fentanyl is present at a crime scene, contact Aftermath or a certified fentanyl cleaning professional to ensure proper handling and safety.
Additional resources from the CDC [here].
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